Anti-Cancer Activity Of Capsaicin Reviewed

Capsaicin is naturally found in chili peppers and is the agent that provides a hot and spicy taste when eating chili peppers. Sustained-release formulations of capsaicin are being explored for extended anti-cancer activity.

Recently published in Pharmacology & Therapeutics, a leading medical review journal in the field of pharmacology, the article chronicles the growth-suppressive activity of sustained-release capsaicin drugs, including solid dispersion systems, liposomes, phospholipid complexes, and nanoparticles. This is the first publication to provide an in-depth description of the anti-cancer activity of capsaicin sustained-release formulations. The research team was led by Associate Professor of Biomedical Sciences Piyali Dasgupta, Ph.D., and Professor of Biomedical Sciences Monica Valentovic, Ph.D.

“This review article is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of capsaicin formulations in human cancer,” said Dasgupta, corresponding author of the publication. “Previous publications in the literature only briefly address sustained-release formulations of capsaicin.”

The nutritional agent capsaicin displayed robust growth-inhibitory activity in a diverse array of human cancers. However, the clinical applications of capsaicin as a viable anti-cancer agent were hindered by three factors—poor solubility, low bioavailability, and spicy flavor.

“Oral use of capsaicin is associated with unfavorable side effects such as stomach cramps, nausea, a burning sensation in the gut, and gastrointestinal irritation,” said Valentovic, a senior author of the publication. “A strategy to overcome these drawbacks is the development of different delivery systems, such as encapsulating capsaicin in long-acting sustained release drug delivery systems could allow for more consistent capsaicin levels that could be more efficient as anti-cancer agents.”

In addition to Dasgupta and Valentovic, clinical faculty Maria T. Tirona, M.D., Joshua Hess, M.D., and Paul Finch, M.D., contributed to the publication as well as co-authors Stephen Richbart, Justin Merritt, Ashley Cox, Emily Moles, and Katie Brown.

This research was supported by the R15 Academic Research Enhancement Award Grants from the National Institutes of Health (1R15CA161491-01A1, 2R15CA161491-02, 2R15CA161491-03, R15AI151970-01 and1R15HL145573-01), the West Virginia IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (WV-INBRE) grant (P20GM103434) as well as the National Science Foundation (SURE) and West Virginia NASA State Grant Consortium. The complete article is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108177.